In depthCommodity buying and purchase price variance, explained
Commodity procurement is buying the inputs you need at the lowest cost the market allows, without running short. Most procurement analytics explains last month. These five ideas turn it into the next decision.
01How to calculate purchase price variance
Purchase price variance (PPV) is the actual price paid minus the standard or budget price, multiplied by the quantity bought. A positive result means you paid more than planned. For example, buying 10,000 pounds at $2.10 against a $2.00 standard gives a $1,000 unfavorable variance. Vadar Alpha calculates it for each purchase as it is made, against your buying policy.
02When to buy
Many companies buy on a fixed schedule, so the price they pay is the price on the day the calendar picks. Vadar Alpha compares spot prices and forward curves every day, and recommends buying ahead when the forward price is low, or waiting when the market is falling.
03How much to buy
Buying all of a quarter's need at once concentrates risk on one price. Buying in fixed shares ignores the market. Vadar Alpha splits each purchase into volumes and dates, inside the limits of your buying policy and your storage.
04Purchase price variance
Purchase price variance compares what you paid with a reference price. Measured at month end, it explains the past. Vadar Alpha measures it for each decision as it is made, so procurement sees the result of each buy, not only the monthly total.
05Inventory and working capital
Buying ahead lowers the price but raises inventory and the cash tied up in it. Vadar Alpha prices the cost of holding stock into each recommendation, so a buy ahead is only made when it clears that cost.